Just over month later, Apple released the update to 11.2. Not that Apple had gone to the trivial effort of informing users, most of whom only discovered this when no standalone installers were provided for 11.1. At that time, I gather, Apple hadn’t decided whether it would provide any form of standalone updater for Big Sur, and not having made that decision, it meant that no standalone installer was provided at all. That isn’t possible with the SSV, which needs a different engineering approach. Prior to Big Sur, creating Installer packages for both incremental or ‘delta’ and Combo updates wasn’t difficult, as those essentially performed the same installations as the direct update. Installing updates to this is quite different to previous macOS updates, and includes building a Merkel tree of hash values which are then saved in file system metadata. The reason is apparently Big Sur’s new Sealed System Volume (SSV). Just before Christmas, when Apple released the update to Big Sur 11.1, there was uproar among users as it had apparently decided, without any announcement let alone consultation, to cease providing standalone updates for Big Sur.
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